Extend insert/update/delete to provide extras.

A few releases ago we added ContentResolver.QUERY_ARG_* constants
to query() as a new best-practice that will help wean us off raw
SQL arguments.  (For example, a provider could add their own
custom arguments like QUERY_ARG_INCLUDE_PENDING to cause the query
to reveal pending items that would otherwise be hidden.)  This
change expands update() and delete() to accept those arguments.

This change also expand insert() to accept extras too, as part of
preparing to support an upcoming MediaProvider feature that will let
apps place new media "adjacent" to an existing media item.  (Sending
that adjacent item through extras is cleaner than trying to send it
through escaped query parameters.)

Bug: 131643582
Test: atest CtsContentTestCases
Change-Id: I436296155b9b5f371b4cbe661feaf42070285fcc