rbd: make rbd spec names pointer to const

Make the names and image id in an rbd_spec be pointers to constant
data.  This required the use of a local variable to hold the
snapshot name in rbd_add_parse_args() to avoid a warning.

Signed-off-by: Alex Elder <elder@inktank.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Durgin <josh.durgin@inktank.com>