hal: Update synchronization and error handling for audio patches

Since we are storing patch info and stream info
pointers and not copies, it is possible to change
the pointer value once adev lock is released.
Remove individual locks for patch and stream info
and instead use adev lock to control access.
Also, update error handling for audio patches.

Change-Id: I4538c37f2235cfcbbdb75232307ba3f5af2a324a