Support ERROR_ATOM_ID_INVALID_POSITION

Originally, the native implementation would discard everything clients
wrote to the buffer before the setAtomId call. Thus, the atom id was
always placed in the "correct position." However, for consistency with
the Java implementation, we now allow write calls before setAtomId to
occur and log an error in that case.

Test: bit libstatssocket_test:*
Bug: 152119205
Change-Id: Ib109c7a939a5ae92c1d5fc70aa647ac7390fadad