Cache DWARF location rules for a given pc.

Decoding the DWARF opcodes is expensive so make sure we cache it.

This speeds unwinding in simpleperf by over a factor of 3x.

Add unit tests for this new behavior.

Bug: 77258731

Test: libbacktrace/libunwindstack unit tests on host and target.
Test: Ran debuggerd -b on various processes on target.
Change-Id: Ia516c0fa5d3e5f76746190bb4b6fdf49fd1c9388