system/rust: Restructure and add logs for FFI

Restructure the GlobalModuleRegistry:
 - Rename to RustModuleRunner
 - Clarify states
 - Internalize the static global
 - Add a number of logs when error states occur

This is reland of https://r.android.com/3318393 except that starting and
stopping the module multiple times is now supported.

Tested with `atest net_test_bluetooth` to verify the cause of revert has
been fixed.

Fix: 356462170
Test: m com.android.btservices
Flag: EXEMPT refactor only
Change-Id: I2aece397937e075a494b0b6e200492bb5664f46c