Throw error when notification is larger than max attribute value

In BluetoothGattServer.notifyCharacteristicChanged(), throw
IllegalArgumentException when notification is longer than max length of
an attribute value. The max length of an attribute value is defined in
gatt_api.h as 512, and is used here. CTS test for this change is linked
with the same topic to this CL.

Bug: 296145972
Test: atest CtsBluetoothTestCases
Change-Id: I4a810c4efc19460d95de2efe9793f75ad9d61ffe