Broadcaster: Fix handling invalid broadcastId

This adds checking for a known broadcast ID and calls proper
error callbacks instead of calling in to the native stack.

Bug: 150670922
Bug: 229696151
Fixes: 229696151
Tag: #feature
Test: atest BluetoothInstrumentationTests
Sponsor: jpawlowski@
Change-Id: I7f564b12597f92a7f0b0885c8054dc3110a547c3