PhonePolicy: use looper to make test faster

Some tests are taking up to 10s and this is triggering timeout during
critical presubmit.
Using a test looper allow to skip the timeout and to directly have the
expected results

also unify logs and cleanup the class

Test: atest BluetoothInstrumenationTests
Bug: 311772251
Flag: TEST_ONLY && refactor
Change-Id: I0e6dbcb4f03983273ec997ec6851ff1a659c926e