getaddrinfo: propagate ResState via res_target

Code internal to getaddrinfo assumes that all query share the same
ResState. This is currently true, but will no longer be the case once we
properly support mDNS.

To keep things working:
1. Propagate ResState via res_target (as it's going to be possibly
   different for each query
2. Explicitly pass around the parameters we expect to be the same for
   each query

Bug: b:374756136
Change-Id: Ieba6ccb9d1089879576249b5d820c9115e5951dd