Require work profile to be unlocked for changing notification settings in a different way

Rather than check for the state of the work profile in
LockScreenNotificationPreferenceController#handlePreferenceTreeClick, do so in
the RestrictedListPreference#performClick.
The drawback of checking the state in handlePreferenceTreeClick is that the
preferences are displayed first and then the requirement to unlock/enable the
work profile is displayed on top of it.

This is rather poor UX, so switch to doing the check in performClick and
returning early if the work profile needs to be unlocked/enabled.
This is similar to Patchset 1 from ag/3805482.
The main difference is that the user is returned to the settings screen
both after enabling the work profile and unlocking it.

Test: Manually with TestDPC
Test: atest SettingsRoboTests:RestrictedListPreferenceTest
Bug: 77408805
Merged-In: Id168911b082fffac193cd7c7a658ab92d6ce2c15
Change-Id: I0a3a4ec4dda78e28ee88a11d383eda49e9cf50a6