Add permission check to Intents used by Authenticator Settings.

Setting shares system uid and can be used to bypass different security
checks.
We add proper handling for intents which resolve toexported=true
activities with permission filed.
Added nested preferences filtering.

Bug: 33123882
Test: manual tests
Change-Id: I3ba9c768fc4f8093dcf2eadc17f14c506ec5c327
Merged-In: Ib5bab7989fc44b4391f9050c6b18f81c58c09cf6