Add Extra Exception Checks to Null Cipher Toggle

Adds broad exception safety to all TelephonyManager calls.
Without these extra catch blocks, the entire Settings app would
crash if a TelephonyManager API were to throw an exception.

Bug: 262914591
Test: atest NullAlgorithmsPreferenceControllerTest
Change-Id: I997a37fe71bf007d67989c89b3abe3e520d79d3c