Fix crash in time zone picker due to race condition on view updates

- Can't reproduce the race condition with manual test, probably the view
  updates are fast enough that only monkey test can reproduce the issue.
- Reproduced a similar stacktrace and IndexOutOfBoundsException with
  Robolectric test by assuming that the race condition happens after
  text filtering and view updates. Try to fix the bug with this assumption
- The fix is to bind the data (data position in adapter) with ViewHolder.

Bug: 75322108
Test: m RunSettingsRoboTests ROBOTEST_FILTER=com.android.settings.datetime.timezone
Change-Id: Ie5d932bce30590b8067e042c3380911c9608872f