Improve CarrierPrivilegesTracker logging and dump.

This change makes CarrierPrivilegesTracker logging more concise, and
also provides more information about the current state of the CPT on
dump(). Specifically, obfuscated packages and their certificate hashes
are only included in logs if the VDEBUG compile-time flag is set. dump()
is also updated to include CPT's current SIM-loaded and
Carrier-Privileged certs.

Bug: 157077047
Test: atest CarrierPrivilegesTrackerTest
Change-Id: I88166ddcb1d041940433fd15539dfa5d028a10b9
Merged-In: I88166ddcb1d041940433fd15539dfa5d028a10b9
(cherry picked from commit d95261ea)