Add phone type to the sms send result intent

The sms receive path has had the phone type for years. Make the
send path include the same information. Also fix various logging
messages that weren't writing the cross-stack message id in the
correct format.

Bugs: 202524687,200308280
Test: Manually tested this by sending SMSs with a default SMS app and
examining the extras on the received send status intent.

Change-Id: I93fef5dfe3789abedd9958012d347c2d98a6f181