[SurfaceFlinger] Add vsync offset information to systrace.

* Trace offset values in DispSyncSource
* Trace offset type in VSyncModulator
* Refactor how offsets are stored so that refresh rate type can be
encoded in VSyncModulator
* Add locking to catch a potential race condition when updating offsets,
as phase offsets can be accessed or updated on multiple threads.

Bug: 133325345
Test: verified that correct offsets are reported in systrace
Change-Id: I38d43b722cd54728a2e4de3df7dd472aceb1de15