Add support for provider proto dump in ActivityManager

The provider dump will only support 1 provider,
since protos can only be output one at a time anyways.

This is a regression from OCMR1.

Test requires change to LauncherProvider to not require the
--proto arg to be first.

Bug: 69006241
Test: adb shell dumpsys activity provider com.google.android.apps.nexuslauncher/com.android.launcher3.LauncherProvider --proto -debug
Change-Id: I5759a305c7f9456fb2ed9deb60e39b8e0e6edf78