Log the LskfAuthenticationAttempted atom to statsd

Test: adb shell cmd stats print-logs; adb logcat | grep 'statsd.*(1099)'
      # 1099 is the ID of the new atom.
      # Tested lock screen successes and failures, including duplicates

Test: atest FrameworksServicesTests:com.android.server.locksettings
Bug: 417229857
Flag: android.security.software_ratelimiter
Change-Id: I493516810754f132c508944f6624242052e0b844