Add cache for AppOpsManager#checkPackage

IAppOpsService#checkPackage(uid, packageName) is a highly frequently called binder API. It
mainly checks whether provided packageName belongs to the uid and if
calling uid can access the package. The result doesn't change often so
we can cache it on the client side to reduce binder calls.

Bug: 423030916
Test: presubmit
Flag: android.permission.flags.check_package_caching_enabled
Change-Id: If1de93269b7f9f8cfd031c4c1cea986923ce8ef1