Upgrade new DEBUG lint rules to error

DEBUG log fields should be final and disabled under most circumstances.
Upgrade the recently added Lint check to an error.

For existing violations that have a justifying comment or rationale,
suppress the error. For violations with no such rationale, make them
compliant.

Bug: 436095548
Test: presubmit + m lint-checks
Flag: EXEMPT trivial lint compliance fixes
Change-Id: I699009f96ee2e3a8a35c4e5ef9d484eea64329c4