DO NOT MERGE: Check provider access for content changes.

For an app to either send or receive content change notifications,
require that they have some level of access to the underlying
provider.

Without these checks, a malicious app could sniff sensitive user data
from the notifications of otherwise private providers.

Test: builds, boots, PoC app now fails
Bug: 32555637
Change-Id: If2dcd45cb0a9f1fb3b93e39fc7b8ae9c34c2fdef
(cherry picked from commit c813f5da)
(cherry picked from commit db57376d)
mh0rst: Backport from android-7.1.1_r21