Provide API to access Intent that triggered StrictMode violation

Android 12 introduces a StrictMode check to warn developers if they
are launching an unsafe Intent (one that has been unparceled from the
delivered Intent). This commit provides an API to allow a developer
to access the Intent that triggered the StrictMode violation.

Bug: 178029824
Test: atest StrictModeTest
Test: Manually verified serialized violation does not result in
      an Exception
Change-Id: I392df3f80487503bc8235700ecb17c51d930830c