Prevent apps from querying other apps without permission

- Apps could query for other apps installed on the device without having adequate visibility.
- The PackageInstallerActivity checked the existence of the requested package on behalf of the calling package without ensuring has latter the required visibility.
- PackageInstallerActivity now checks if the calling package has the required visibility permissions to query about the requested package, across all users on the device.

Fixes: b/197327805
Bug: b/197327805
Change-Id: I703ce4e87c63fcca49c1583ecb3680868b77239a
Test: atest CtsPackageSchemeTestsWithVisibility CtsPackageSchemeTestsWithoutVisibility