Modify PropertyInvalidatedCache debugging

Bug: 140788621

There is no change in behavior unless DEBUG or VERIFY are true.
1. Do not log queries to a disabled cache.
2. If verification fails, log the failure and return the correct
   value.  This allows the system to continue running for further
   debug.

Test: Boot the phone with a test image that sets DEBUG and VERIFY
true.  Verified that there are limited messages about a disabled
cache (especially for the package_info cache).  Force verification
failures by removing cache invalidation from UserManager.  Verify
that the cache failures are logged but the system runs normally.

Change-Id: I80c604867a6d879c74ff8f8e8a0be0ac110c6581