[pm] fail install-existing for apps deleted with KEEP_DATA

BUG: 269687045
Test: manual with the following steps:

$ adb install --user 10 ~/Downloads/WhatsApp.apk
$ adb shell cmd package uninstall -k --user 10 com.whatsapp
$ adb shell pm install-existing --user 0 com.whatsapp
android.content.pm.PackageManager$NameNotFoundException: Package com.whatsapp doesn't exist

Test: atest com.android.server.pm.PackageManagerTests
Change-Id: I88e03093fbb76550d9ca12c4a8bfd2ef54a418f7