Split allowed time by standby bucket.

Make it so that each standby bucket can have a different "allowed time"
per its window size. That way, we can say apps in bucket X can run for Y
minutes total in a Z time period.

Also separating EXEMPTED from ACTIVE so that any changes to ACTIVE quota
don't affect EXEMPTED apps when we don't want it to.

Bug: 143495340
Test: atest frameworks/base/services/tests/servicestests/src/com/android/server/job
Test: atest frameworks/base/services/tests/mockingservicestests/src/com/android/server/job
Test: atest CtsJobSchedulerTestCases
Change-Id: I2a3f6da75a328505e4091a314a73c0f9d8bbb050