[SettingsProvider] use new atom to log setting changed

BUG: 228619157
Test: m statsd_testdrive
Test: statsd_testdrive 474
Test: (in another terminal) adb shell settings put system volume_voice 3
Test: Observe the output of statsd_testdrive which contains:
  data {
    aggregated_atom_info {
      atom {
        settings_provider_setting_changed {
          user_id: 0
          name: "volume_voice"
          type: 1
          change_type: 0
        }
      }
      elapsed_timestamp_nanos: 162651078691
    }
  }

Change-Id: I40e889bdc96f8142228fdb1bc1ee29884b2f7986