Update DeviceConfigService to pass Settings.AUTHORITY to IContentProvider.call invocations.

Also update SettingsProvider to resolve calling packages based on uids
when receiving calls to put or reset values in the config table. This
was necessary because the command line tool calls the DeviceConfig API,
which calls through to SettingsProvider. That was resulting in a
shell uid with an android package prior to this change.

Test: atest SettingsProviderTest:DeviceConfigServiceTest
Bug: 122304633

Change-Id: Ic80c734eb75dcaac688507c241b0995b7488a84f