Do not crash if attempt to launch app from locked profile

Handle the case of a locked profile with unified challenge as a
first-class state: attempts to open work apps in this state will
result in a confirm credential operation, instead of letting the
app launch directly which will result in crashes.

Test: atest ActivityStartInterceptorTest
Test: 1. Turn off a work profile with unified challenge.
      2. Manually turn on profile (without unlocking), run
      adb shell  am broadcast -a com.android.server.pm.DISABLE_QUIET_MODE_AFTER_UNLOCK \
          --ei android.intent.extra.USER_ID 10
      3. Attempt to launch a work app.
Bug: 72178550
Bug: 138560482
Change-Id: I85f796fe3edeb3c1d6c0dd6d2143d2f44ac22ea7