New SQLite APIs

Bug: 279043253

Introducing new and improved SQLite APIs that more closely conform to
the native methods.  The new SQLiteStmt class is a thin wrapper over
the SQLite sqlite3_stmt object.

All new APIs are currently marked @hide.  The APIs will be exposed to
the public in a separate review.  Unit tests have been added; CTS
tests will be added when the APIs are made public.

Test: atest
 * SQLiteRawStatementTest
 * SQLiteDatabaseTest

Change-Id: I4f4b09a77d75adfb6d8eb78e54989f5dc4701472