Introduce a new API to fetch contentProviders based on callingUid

This API will take a caller's UID to fetch content providers available
to it. This will be used to prevent cross user access to content
providers.

Bug: 334024639
Test: atest CtsContentProviderMultiUserTest
Flag: android.content.pm.uid_based_provider_lookup
Change-Id: I430d87629a198a3e9dfe19f6ae1b7e01d4005e6d