Break apart queries to getInstalled* API

To avoid blowing past the Binder IPC limit, change the
PackageManagerService to have a DB-like interaction where the client
tells the service the last "row" that it read.

The fact that we use a HashMap instead of a TreeMap makes this
problematic. For now we're just making a new ArrayList for the keys and
then sorting them for each call. This can make the API slower for callers
of this, but it's probably greatly overshadowed by the cost of the data
transfer itself.

Bug: 4064282
Change-Id: Ic370fd148d4c3813ae4f2daffa1a7c28d63d5a09