Fix issues in the new permission & app op subsystems.

And boot with it.

- Added logging decorators for permission and app op interfaces.
- Worked around a bug in DefaultPermissionGrantPoicy that may grant
  permission unrequested by a package in a shared UID.
- Reverted to checking user ID existence first inside
  PermissionService to avoid breaking existing code that may pass user
  -1.
- Regathered known packages in package callbacks.
- Added async persistence code according to existing permission
  persistence.
- Other bug fixes.

Bug: 263504888
Test: device boots with the new subsystems enabled
Change-Id: I04517014c4a97506a35bb79513d3accd119dc5bf