aaudio: refactor references to shared FIFO

Reduce passing of raw pointers.
Use shared_ptrs and unique_ptrs.
Simplify memory management.

Refactor FifoBuffer into two subclasses so that
the internal memory management is simpler.

Bug: 151650670
Test: OboeTester "TEST OUTPUT"
Test: disable EXCLUSIVE mode
Test: OboeTester "ECHO INPUT TO OUTPUT"
Test: disable INPUT EXCLUSIVE mode
Change-Id: I10981767f8719f3cc3525df211285c53219a7979