audioflinger: several device effects fixes

Add missing configuration and enabling of the device
effect engine when the effect is not attached to an input or output
stream (HW effects).
Prevent deadlock when releasing a patch associated to an effect:
do not call EffectHandle destructor under effect proxy lock.

Test: atest DeviceEffectTest
Change-Id: Iae44aa5802e9f0450aa402add4eb9e3f3522bcfd