libaudiohal: Update stubs for the core HAL

Provide a bit more functional Device and Stream stubs.
Does not call into the HAL yet. Can boot to completion.

To avoid proliferation of TIME_CHECK definitions, put
one true definition into TimeCheck.h.

Bug: 205884982
Test: boot cuttlefish with AIDL enabled
Change-Id: Ia9aa816faee7cc68e23bfcb25188748e1cd8c02a