Propagate clientAttribution to CameraService::BasicClient

Permission checks for camera streaming will be moved to BasicClient in
the near future. Store the client's AttributionSourceState in BasicClient.

Since the calling pid is used to identify the client after preflight permission checks,
continue storing mClientPid separately from the AttributionSourceState pid.

Bug: 369841571
Bug: 190657833
Test: CtsSecurityTestCases:CameraPermissionTest
Flag: EXEMPT mechanical refactor
Change-Id: I1aa27ae66ba897752fdbac43b2a6f9c94301ae71