Make chained_partitions accept other vbmeta modules

This is an attempt to make it clearer and less error-prone, by having
the vbmeta modules depend on their chained_partitions and get the
necessary information from them, instead of re-specifying the
information directly in the properties.

Bug: 377563298
Test: m nothing
Change-Id: I7d53651b8c48299b56d96cd8d184ae4b66ebeaf1