Rewrite link type checking

All the new features are turned off for now, since multiple branches and
products need to be verified before they can be turned on. So everything
should behave the same as today, except for no partition-based
warnings.

Instead of the current link type checks that happen during the build,
run as many as possible immediately after loading all the Android.mk
files. If we're allowing missing dependencies ('mm',
ALLOW_MISSING_DEPENDENCIES, tapas, etc), we'll defer the link type
checks to during the build. If we're not allowing missing dependencies,
we'll produce a better error message to the user about the missing
dependencies.

See core/main.mk for a description of the storage format.

This also remove the partition-based type checking. It hasn't worked all
that well, particularly with ASAN builds. The new VNDK checks will
handle the most pressing cases.

Test: Verify all link_type files and dependencies are the same:
  grep link_type: out/build-aosp_arm64.ninja | sed -E "s/ rule[0-9]+//" | sort
Change-Id: Id643658b9d9e84f99f5db0d526aad88c1f5d3417