Clean staging dirs in build_image.py

build_image.py now accepts a --input-directory-filter-file argument
that contains a list of files to consider from the input directory.
A new, temporary input directory will be created, and only the
considered files will be copied to it.

This removes most of the need for `m installclean`, as old files or
files built manually will no longer end up on the partition.

Bug: 205632228
Test: Presubmits
Change-Id: I4c82ac7f1ed49a37271755749c8f72afeeb7f295