Ignore updateCarrierService request with invalid phoneId

During device switches from DSDS to SS mode, the old RIL instances
may still report events (SIM_UNKNOWN, SIM_IO_ERROR...) with the
obsoleted phoneId. The invalid phoneId will cause IAE when
calling CarrierConfigManager#updateConfigForPhoneId and crash
the phone process.

To fix the issue, the phoneId is validated firstly before calling
CarrierConfigManager#updateConfigForPhoneId.

Bug: 192050148
Test: atest SubscriptionInfoUpdaterTest
Change-Id: I1fed531c4a82709c4a5da048577186a60d3f1314