MTP: add strict bounds checking for all incoming packets

Previously we did not sanity check incoming MTP packets,
which could result in crashes due to reading off the edge of a packet.
Now all MTP packet getter functions return a boolean result
(true for OK, false for reading off the edge of the packet)
and we now return errors for malformed packets.

Bug: 18113092
Change-Id: I8be3df2c36fe730ad64e7ea9a5ee856ad815b904
(cherry picked from commit da31859f)