audio: Add permission barrier for AudioRecord

RECORD_AUDIO is a runtime permission, which means it can change.

Add a client-side barrier on permission updates to audioserver to avoid
flake.

Test: atest AudioRecordPermissionTests
Bug: 355581132
Bug: 338089555
Flag: com.android.media.audio.audioserver_permissions
Change-Id: Ide9a9afa90e2831ec47b56c22eeec30d4fbcaa55