aaudio: add EXCLUDE thread safety annotation

This does not fix anything at run-time. It just helps us detect
deadlocks better at compile time.

These EXCLUDE annotations were intended to catch the deadlock
described in b/182852602.

Bug: 182852602
Test: atest CtsNativeMediaAAudioTestCases
Change-Id: Id64ffd161a506ee05007e22f2b3061f3afab6d2a