audio flinger: handle race condition in AudioRecord creation

A rare race condition can cause a failure to create an AudioRecord if
two creation requests are processed concurrently and thread preemption happens
at a specific time within the sequence between audioflinger and
audio policy manager.

This CL implements a retry mechanism on client side when this particular failure
is detected.

Bug: 161656190
Test: Regression tests for audio capture use cases.
Test: CTS tests for AudiRecord
Change-Id: I155ee4899baeec21e10a1141cb9e323cbc8aa23b
(cherry picked from commit d52a28ca)