libceph: wrap auth methods in a mutex

The auth code is called from a variety of contexts, include the mon_client
(protected by the monc's mutex) and the messenger callbacks (currently
protected by nothing).  Avoid chaos by protecting all auth state with a
mutex.  Nothing is blocking, so this should be simple and lightweight.

Signed-off-by: Sage Weil <sage@inktank.com>
Reviewed-by: Alex Elder <elder@inktank.com>