BACKPORT: f2fs: sanity check checkpoint segno and blkoff

Make sure segno and blkoff read from raw image are valid.

Fixed conflicts due to missing commit 1e968fdfe69e
("f2fs: introduce f2fs_cp_error for readability") and commit 6bacf52fb58a
("f2fs: add unlikely() macro for compiler more aggressively").

(url https://sourceforge.net/p/linux-f2fs/mailman/message/35835945

)

Signed-off-by: Jin Qian <jinqian@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Siqi Lin <siqilin@google.com>
Bug: 36588520