rbd: harden rbd_dev_refresh() and callers a bit

Recently discovered watch/notify problems showed that we really can't
ignore errors in anything refresh related.  Alas, currently there is
not much we can do in response to those errors, except print warnings.

Signed-off-by: Ilya Dryomov <ilya.dryomov@inktank.com>
Reviewed-by: Alex Elder <elder@linaro.org>