ALSA: timer: Fix race at concurrent reads

[ Upstream commit 4dff5c7b7093b19c19d3a100f8a3ad87cb7cd9e7 ]

snd_timer_user_read() has a potential race among parallel reads, as
qhead and qused are updated outside the critical section due to
copy_to_user() calls.  Move them into the critical section, and also
sanitize the relevant code a bit.

Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sasha.levin@oracle.com>